Orangutan Kingdoms

Orangutan is giant ape with long arm and have a brown hair covering their body, also they are endemic to Sumatra and Kalimantan (in Indonesia). The name "orangutan" (also written orang-utan, orang utan, orangutang, and ourang-outang) is derived from the Malay and Indonesian words orang, meaning "person", and hutan, meaning "forest", thus "person of the forest".
Orangutan Taxonomy

1.  Kingdom : Animalia

   Kingdom Animalia is a group of all the animal in the world.

2.  Phylum : Chordata

  Phylum Chordata is a group of animal, the member of this group is vertebrata, animal that have backbones, and some of animal that have similar characteristics with avertebrata animal.

3.  Class : mammals

  Class mammals is a group of vertebrata animal that characterized by having mammary gland.

4.  Order : Primates

   Primates is a group of mammals that includes the lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkey, apes, and humans. Those members were grouped because of the similar characteristics like the similar shape of their body.

5.  Family : Hominidae

  Family Hominidae also known as big ape, is group that only have 4 members that still alive and that is chimpanzee, gorilla, human, and orangutan. The definition of Hominid can be define as “human and there relationship”.

6.  Genus : Pongo

  Pongo is a group of all the orangutan in the world, more precisely orangutan that live in kalimantan and Sumatra.

7.  Species : Pygmaeus and abelii

   Pygmaeus is a type of orangutan that live in Kalimantan, while abelii is a type of orangutan that live in Sumatra.
Orangutan Cycle of Life
      Orang-utans can live up to 50 years in the wild. Females first reproduce between 10-15 years of age. They give birth at most once every 5 years, and the interval between babies can be as long as 10 years.The Orangutan reproduce suddenly after they mate each other. If the male and female mate but don't find a connection. The mom will take the young and the father will then part away from them. The max amount time of having a female hold a baby is 8-9 1/2 months, just like humans. The way parents tend for their young is that when the young are first born, the mother lets them ride on her back and let them eat soft foods. Once they get older and are older to walk they follow their mother and can now eat and chew fruit.  When the young get old enough they usually leave their parents at age 7. When a male orangutan is nearly fully grown around the age of 8-10, it develops the characteristic flappy cheek-pads known as flanges protruding from the face. The larger the flanges, the more dominant the male. The maleorangutan live isolated from other males. while the females live alone or in small groups of closely related individuals, and they often remain in the same forest area in which they were born.
Characteristic of Orangutan 

   An orangutan has a large, bulky body, a thick neck, very long, strong arms, short, bowed legs, and no tail. It is mostly covered with long, reddish-brown hair and grey-black skin. Sumatran orangutans have more sparse and lighter-coloured coats. The orangutan has a large head with a prominent mouth area. 

   Adult males have large cheek flaps to show their dominance to other males. The cheek flaps are made mostly of fatty tissue and are supported by the musculature of the face. Mature males' throat pouches allow them to make loud calls. The females typically stand 115 cm (3 ft 9 in) tall and weigh around 37 kg (82 lb), while flanged adult males stand 137 cm (4 ft 6 in) tall and weigh 75 kg (165 lb). A male orangutan has an arm span of about 2 m (6.6 ft).

    Orangutan hands are similar to human hands; they have four long fingers and an opposable thumb. However, the joint and tendon arrangement in the orangutans' hands produces two adaptations that are significant for arboreal locomotion. The resting configuration of the fingers is curved, creating a suspensory hook grip. Additionally, without the use of the thumb, the fingers and hands can grip tightly around objects with a small diameter by resting the tops of the fingers against the inside of the palm, creating a double-locked grip.

   Their feet have four long toes and an opposable big toe. Orangutans can grasp things with both their hands and their feet. Their fingers and toes are curved, allowing them to get a better grip on branches. Since their hip joints have the same flexibility as their shoulder and arm joints, orangutans have less restriction in the movements of their legs than humans have. Unlike gorillas and chimpanzees, orangutans are not true knuckle-walkers, and are instead fist-walkers.

   Orangutans primarily eat ripe fruit, along with young leaves, bark, flowers, honey, insects, vines, and the inner shoots of plants.

Endangered of Orangutan

  For the two species of orangutan found on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo in southeast Asia, mature tropical rainforests are essential to their survival. Orangutans live entirely in trees. The reason why orangutans are endangered can be summed up with two words: habitat loss.

  Pressure to destroy mature forests and orangutans comes from multiple sources. The demise of an orangutan population often begins with building a road through pristine forest. A new road brings in entrepreneurs and settlers keen to exploit the tropical forest and clear land. Loggers, farmers, poachers and pet dealers all play a role in the endangered orangutan's decline.

   Aside from the Habitat, orangutan have a small birthrate and this also contribute to why orangutan endangered.
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Question :
1. What does the name "orangutan" means ? 
2. What family does the orangutan is part of ?
3. How do male orangutan show their dominance to othe male ?
4. Where are the habitat of orangutan ?
5. Why are the orangutan endangered ?